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Yarmouth to Beccles Line
The Yarmouth to Beccles Line was a railway line which linked the Suffolk market town of Beccles with the Norfolk coastal resort of Yarmouth. Forming part of the East Suffolk Railway, the line was opened in 1859 and closed 100 years later in 1959.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=East Suffolk Line )〕
== History ==
The Halesworth, Beccles & Haddiscoe Railway was formed in 1851 to connect the river ports of Halesworth and Beccles. The scheme was promoted by Samuel Morton Peto who saw the opportunity to raise the status of Lowestoft by constructing a line which would give the town more direct access to London than the existing route via Norwich which he had also sponsored. On 20 November 1854, a single track line between and opened to goods traffic, and then to passengers on 4 December. Worked by the Eastern Counties Railway, the line - now known as the East Suffolk Railway - connected with the Norwich route at . Authorisation was obtained for an extension of the line north-east to Yarmouth and this was constructed by the newly formed Yarmouth & Haddiscoe Railway. This opened on 1 June 1859 at the same time as other sections of the East Suffolk Railway between Woodbridge and and Beccles to Lowestoft. In 1862, the Eastern Counties was amalgamated into the Great Eastern Railway.
The main feature of the line was the pair of swing bridges over the River Waveney, the first at Beccles and the second between Haddiscoe and . These were crossed at walking pace and were, until 1927, operated by signal boxes, with pilotmen on the footplate for the crossing. The initial service provided was praised by local newspapers for its punctuality and spacious coaches. The line's main revenue came from holiday traffic and by 1883, there were seven or eight daily services, with two or three London services in each direction. A curve installed at Haddiscoe in 1872 allowed through services between Yarmouth and Lowestoft via St Olaves, but the route was only a little less circuitous than the original route via Lowestoft, and the Reedham East Curve, entering via . Expresses from covered the distance to Yarmouth in 2.5 hours in 1904, when regular summer services ferried passengers to the coastal resorts.
Summer Saturday traffic began declining from 1918 as fitted freight stock and diesel power led to increased speeds and capacity which made the longer route to Yarmouth via Lowestoft a viable alternative to the Beccles line. By 1934 the Haddiscoe curve had closed and was lifted early in 1939. The line had passed under the control of the London and North Eastern Railway on 1 January 1923 following the railway grouping and subsequently became part of the Eastern Region of British Railways upon nationalisation on 1 January 1948. Save for the introduction of interlocking signalling, the line saw few modifications during the 86-year period of GER and LNER ownership. The cost of maintaining the Yarmouth to Beccles line to express standards for the benefit of holiday traffic became prohibitive, especially once Breydon Viaduct connecting with closed in 1953 which led to the direct line between Yarmouth and Lowestoft becoming underused. Reports of the line's closure surfaced in 1955, yet it was not until 2 November 1959 that the Beccles line finally closed to regular traffic. Short stretches from Haddiscoe to remained open until after the 1964-65 sugar beet season and services to and from Lowestoft continued to use until 1970.
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